Frullania spinigastria

Epiphytic, olive-brown. Stems irregularly pinnately branched. Mid stem and branch lateral leaf lobes broadly elliptic, 0.7–1.1 mm long, 0.53–0.94 mm wide, rounded to subtruncate at apex, not angled away from substrate when moist, imbricate; cells oblong, becoming quadrate toward margin, 7–17 µm long and 5–15 µm wide at margins, 12–27 µm long and 7–20 µm wide near centre, 20–50 µm long and 12–35 µm wide at base, without intermediate thickenings, with prominent trigones and rare intermediate thickenings at base, elsewhere walls ± equally thickened. Lobules with inflated section falcate, with longest axis diverging from stem, 0.4–0.43 mm long, 0.25–0.38 mm wide, acute or pilose at apex; cells irregular, 12–25 µm long, 7–18 µm wide, with prominent trigones and intermediate thickenings throughout. Stylus minute, filiform. Underleaves broadly obovate to orbicular in outline, bifid usually to ¼ of length, with 3–5 spinose teeth along margins, 0.35–0.58 mm long, 0.4–0.6 mm wide, flat; sinus subacute; cells irregular, 10–23 µm long, 7–15 µm wide, with prominent trigones and intermediate thickenings throughout. Perianth long-pyriform, 4-keeled, 1.8–2 mm long, 1.2–1.3 mm wide, emarginate at apex, with large beak, covered with elongate tubercles; keels obtuse.