Notohypnum
Dioicous. Asexual propagules absent. Mats on tree trunks, logs and rarely soil. Stem creeping, regularly or irregularly pinnately to bipinnately branched, with rhizoids in fascicles; pseudoparaphyllia foliose, lanceolate to deltoid. Stem and branch leaves differing in size and serration with branch leaves smaller, narrower and more serrate toward apex, ovate- or oblong-lanceolate, falcate to circinate, arranged around the stem and facing all directions to complanate, especially along branches; apex acuminate, sometimes piliferous; costa absent or short and double; margin entire or serrulate to serrate (not in Victoria) toward apex, plane, without a border; laminal cells linear, smooth; alar cells strongly differentiated, coloured, usually with solitary inflated and hyaline cells in leaf corner bounded by subquadrate cells. Capsule inclined to horizontal, slightly curved, ovoid or obloid to short-cylindric, with a poorly differentiated annulus. Operculum conic or conic-apiculate. Peristome double; endostome segments similar height as exostome teeth, with a high basal membrane; cilia present.
Two species in Australia, with one extending to New Zealand, Macquarie Island, Chile and Tristan da Cunha (Kučera et al. 2019); one species in Victoria.
Notohypnum was previously included in Hypnum which was shown to be an assemblage of many unrelated lineages (e.g. Arikawa et al. 2008; Gardiner et al. 2005; Huttunen et al. 2012; Schlesak et al. 2018; Kučera et al. 2019). Its placement among Sematophyllaceae (Kučera et al. 2019) is testament to its genetic distinction from Hypnum, which is in the separate family Hypnaceae.
Arikawa, T.; Tsubota, H.; Deguchi, H.; Nishimura, N.; Higuchi, M. (2008). Phylogenetic analysis of the family Hypnaceae based on rbcL gene sequences, in Mohamed, H., Baki, B.B., Nasrulhaq-Boyce, A. & Lee, P.K.Y. (eds), Bryology in the New Millennium, pp. 215–225. University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur.
Gardiner, A.; Ignatov, M.; Huttunen, S.; Troitsky, A. (2005). On resurrection of the families Pseudoleskeaceae Schimp. And Pylaisiaceae Schimp. (Musci, Hypnales). Taxon 54: 651–663.
Huttunen, S. et al. (2012). Disentangling knots of rapid evolution: origin and diversification of the moss order Hypnales. Journal of Bryology 34: 187–211.
Kučera, J.; Kuznetsova, O.I.; Manukjanová, A.; Ignatov, M.S. (2019). A phylogenetic revision of the genus Hypnum: Toward completion. Taxon 68: 628–660.
Schlesak, S.; Hedenäs, L.; Nebel, M.; Quandt, D. (2018). Cleaning a taxonomic dustbin: placing the European Hypnum species in a phylogenetic context!. Bryophyte Diversity & Evolution 40: 37–54.