Paracromastigum
Terrestrial, dioecious. Specialised asexual propagules absent. Stems differentiated into creeping axes with reduced leaves and irregularly branched procumbent or creeping axes with normal leaves, with two ranks of lateral leaves and a single rank of underleaves; branches emerging from stem from near unmodified lateral leaves and underleaves and with a collar of tissue at base, or emerging from stem abaxial to a lateral leaf with fewer lobes and without a collar of tissue at base, or emerging adaxial to a lateral leaf with fewer lobes and without a collar of tissue at base or emerging from beside an underleaf with fewer lobes and without a collar of tissue at base. Lateral leaves ovate (not in Victoria), quadrate (not in Victoria) or cuneate in outline, 2–4-lobed, incubous to succubous, erect to widely spreading, remote to imbricate, collectively whitish green, unistratose; lobes equal or unequal, linear, triangular (not in Victoria) or ovate (not in Victoria), acute. Underleaves much smaller than lateral leaves, quadrate, ovate or cuneate in outline, 2–4-lobed; lobes equal or unequal, linear or triangular, rounded (not in Victoria) to acute. Leaf cells quadrate or rectangular to polygonal, smooth and thin-walled or (not in Victoria) papillose and firm-walled, without trigones, with 1–2 small, ellipsoid and homogenous to granular oil bodies or without oil bodies. Rhizoids clustered at underleaf bases. Androecia on short branches emerging laterally or abaxially from stems, with 2–18 pairs of leaf-like bracts, each with a single antheridium. Sporophyte on branches emerging laterally or abaxially from stems, surrounded by several series of bracts much larger and usually more lacerate than lateral leaves. Perianth ovoid to ovoid-cylindric, becoming trigonous toward mouth; mouth ciliate. Capsule ovoid, 3-stratose; elaters bispiral. Spores spherical, vermiculate-granulate.
Seventeen species, shared between South Africa, Juan Fernandez, South America and the Caribbean, New Zealand and southern Australia (Schuster 2000; Söderström et al. 2016); two species in Victoria.
Schuster, R.M. (2000). Austral Hepaticae Part I. Nova Hedwigia Beiheft 118. Cramer in der Gebrüder Borntraeger Verlagsbuchbehandlung: Berling & Stuttgart.
Söderström, L., Hagborg, A., von Konrat, M., Bartholomew-Began, S., Bell, D., Briscoe, L., Brown, E., Cargill, D.C., Costa, D.P., Crandall-Stotler, B.J., Cooper, E.D., Dauphin, G., Engel, J.J., Feldberg, K., Glenny, D., Gradstein, S.R., He, X., Heinrichs, J., Hentschel, J., Ilkiu-Borges, A.L., Katagiri, T., Konstantinova, N.A., Larraín, J., Long, D.G., Nebel, M., Pócs, T., Puche, F., Reiner-Drehwald, E., Renner, M.A.M., Sass-Gyarmati, A., Schäfer-Verwimp, A., Moragues, J.S., Stotler, R.E., Sukkharak, P., Thiers, B.M., Uribe, J., Váňa, J., Villarreal, J.C., Wigginton, M., Zhang, L. & Zhu, R. (2016). World checklist of hornworts and liverworts. Phytokeys 59: 1–828.