Ctenidium

Dioicous or rarely phyllodioicous (not in Victoria). Asexual propagules absent. Mats on soil (not in Victoria), rocks, logs and tree bases. Stems creeping to ascending, regularly to irregularly pinnately or bipinnately branched, with rhizoids on ventral sides where in contact with substrate; pseudoparaphyllia present and foliose; central strand present. Stem and branch leaves differentiated by size and shape, with stem leaves ovate-lanceolate or triangular and branch leaves longer lanceolate and smaller, straight to curved, erect-spreading when moist, scarcely altered when dry; base cordate and decurrent; apex acuminate; costa double and faint, extending to ¼ of leaf length; margin serrulate or serrate, usually recurved at base, otherwise plane; laminal cells linear, becoming shorter near base, prorulate abaxially; alar cells scarcely differentiated, multi-tiered, short- to long-rectangular, not inflated. Capsules inclined or horizontal, symmetric or curved, ellipsoid to cylindric, with an annulus. Calyptra cucullate, weakly prorulose near apex, pilose. Operculum conic (not in Victoria), conic-apiculate or rostrate. Exostome teeth distinctly shouldered; endostome segments 16, equal to height or exostome teeth, with a high basal membrane; cilia present.